NDES SCEP For Intune – The safer way

Step by step guide for getting Certificates on Intune machines from your Internal PKI.

I’ve tried to add only minimal rights as I see many blogs adding things like the machine accounts and even Admin rights on servers for the service accounts, I’ve added a little extra security guidance at the end.

Before setting all this up its well worth considering Microsoft CloudPKI which means you do not need all this infrastructure, however if you’ve done your cost analysis and want to setup infrastructure to get certificates onto Intune Machines, then read on

Fundamentals

The Network Device Enrollment Service (NDES) is one of the role services of Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS). NDES acts as a Registration Authority to enable network devices running without domain credentials to get certificates based on the Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP).

So it can be used alongside a proxy for Intune to get PKI certs from the Internet

Overview / Prerequisites

• Internal Certificate Authority / PKI
• Active Directory
• Entra P1 License for App Proxy
• 1 to 2 Servers I’ve used a separate server for the Proxy you can put this on NDES server if you want to save on cost
• Microsoft Intune Licenses

Setup

Service account

Create a standard user account in active directory (this is going to be your service account for NDES) ,Example here, I’ve setup an AD Account with the following details

User: ndes_serviceaccount

Password: ensure you set a long complex password

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Certificates Setup

Essentially you need to create 2 certificates for NDES

• A IIS Web Server Certificate Template for workstations / Proxy can talk to the NDES Server
• A Template so that workstations can request for user / computer certs that NDES will request from the Certificate authority

IIS Web Server Certificate

(If you already have an IIS cert in your corp you use for things like ConfigMgr you may be able to use that, the template here is fairly generic for IIS but we are adding a little security to it

On your Certificate Server open Certificate Authority Right Click Certificate Templates and Manage

Choose Web Server Right Click and Duplicate Template

We will change is the following, at the very least set compatibility to 2008r2, when you open the cert it will be set to 2003, far more security has been added to newer template compatibility. (2016 is recommended but 2008r2 at least offers you some added security from the default)

In General Add a name that will be easy to distinguish. Untick Publish to Active Directory if its ticked, I’ve used a generic IIS name as this cert could be used for other IIS services as its good practice not to have a cert for each server i.e this could be used for more or less anything with IIS on it in your domain

In Security Add your NDES Server as Read and Enroll

Click Apply and OK and we are done with the IIS Web Server Cert

NDES Certificate Template

(The Certificate that will be requested by workstations)

On Certificate Authority Server Choose User Template, Right Click and Duplicate Template

The things we will change for this one are the following, at the very least set compatibility to 2008r2, when you open the cert it will be set to 2003, far more security has been added to newer template compatibility (2016 is recommended but 2008r2 at least offers you some added security from the default)

In General Add a name that will be easy to distinguish. I’ve used a generic the name NDESCertificate.

Untick Publish to Active Directory if its ticked,

Add the Service account as Read and Enroll

Click Apply and OK and now Publish your 2 certificates

Choose both your NDESCertificate to Publish and Your IIS Cert

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NDES SERVER SETUP

On a Separate Windows Server 2022 domain Joined Server

From the Add roles and features click Active Directory Certificate Services

Click Add Features

Click next till you get to Role Services

Now in Role Services Untick Certification Authority And Tick Network Device Enrollment Service click next

Now in IIS Role Services we need to add some IIS components

• Security > Request Filtering
• Application Development > ASP.NET 3.5
• Application Development > ASP.NET 4.8 (will likely be 4.7.2 on older versions of Windows)
• Management Tools > IIS 6 Management Compatibility > IIS 6 WMI Compatibility
• iis 6 metabase is also required but this is already ticked

Click Next And Install

Now that this is complete, close or minimize this page do not setup yet***

Open Add Server Features again from Server Manager and Add Http Activation for .net

Now Open Administrative tools Computer Management Local Users and Groups IIS_USRS

On your NDES server Add the NDES Service account you created to the IIS_USRS Group

You can now request the IIS Certificate for your NDES Server

From certlm.msc Request new certificate

Choose your IIS Cert and click More Information is required

In the Subject Tab add

Common name – the fqdn of your server i.e ndeserver.mydomain.local

DNS NAME – the fqdn of your server and a 2nd entry of just hostname of server

In General add a recognizable name so you can easily distinguish it on your server

Click Apply and OK

And now Enroll

OPEN IIS Manager Default Website Bindings

Add https Select your IIS Certificate Web Cert you just enrolled

From Default Website Request Filtering

Choose Query Strings Edit Feature Settings

Change these 2 to 65534

Restart the IIS Server (Although we are going to restart this server fully now anyway)

Now is a good time to reboot the NDES Server

REBOOT NDES SERVER

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NDES CONFIGURATION

Now that NDES components are in place and you’ve rebooted the server now its ready for configuration

THIS IS WHERE YOU NEED TO BE AN ENTERPRISE ADMIN (WITHOUT ENTERPRISE ADMIN YOU CANNOT SETUP)

Log back into NDES Server with your Enterprise Admin Account

Choose Configure Active Directory Certificate Services From Server Manager

Click Next and On the Role Services choose Network Device Enrollment Service

Select an Account this is where we are going to use the NDES Service Account we created earlier and added to the IIS_IUSRS Group

Authenticate with your NDES Service Account

Select your Certificate Authority

You can fill in the Email Country etc but its not mandatory and not filling it out wont affect function

You can leave this on 2048

Finally on the confirmation screen click configure

Now that’s setup open Regedit

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM:\Software\Microsoft\Cryptography\MSCEP

and change each of these 3 template entries to your NDES Certificate Template you made

So It should look like this

Why?

Because thats what our NDES Cert Template was called

Open HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Cryptography\MSCEP

Add a key PasswordMax with a Dword Password Max Decimal of however many machines you think might contact the server at once in most environments 1000 is plenty

Service Principal

You may need to setup an Service Principal Name (SPN) although for this setup unlikely its needed

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-cs/create-domain-user-account-ndes-service-account#verify-whether-its-necessary-to-set-a-service-principal-name-for-ndes

1. Use the Setspn command syntax of: Setspn -s HTTP/<computerfqdn> <domainname\accountname> when entering your commands. For example, your domain is Fabrikam.com, your NDES CNAME is NDESFARM, and you’re using a service account named SCEPSvc. In the example, you would run the following commands.
   • Setspn -s HTTP/NDESFARM.fabrikam.com fabrikam\SCEPSvc
   • Setspn -s HTTP/NDESFARM fabrikam\SCEPSvc
2. Then disable IIS Kernel-mode Authentication for the site.

You can again now Restart IIS but preferably now as we have changed some reg keys give the Server a reboot

Reboot Server

Once rebooted you can test if MSCEP is behaving as it should

Go to

http://myndesserver.fqdn/certsrv/mscep/mscep.dll (enter your internal fqdn name of your ndes server)

You should get a page like this

http://myndesserver.fqdn/certsrv/mscep_admin (enter your internal fqdn name of your ndes server

You should get a login prompt

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Intune Connector setup

We can now add the Intune connector

On you NDES server turn off IE Enhanced security, we need to do this as the connector login will get blocked, we can turn it back on again once the connector is installed

Now from Tenant Admin > Connectors and Tokens Certificate Connectors > Click Add to Download the Intune Certificate Connector

Very Important I could not get the setup to complete if I chose to use the Domain Ndesserviceaccount as the login, till I added the Service account to login as a service from secpol.msc

Run the exe from your NDES server

very Important run as Admin otherwise it fails at last step on rights

Choose SCEP and certificate revocation (for revocation this will depend if you gave NDES rights to revoke a little more on this at the end)

For the account choose your service account

I’m not using a proxy

Hopefully this is all green

Now sign in with your Intune admin / Azure Admin Account (Needs either Global Admin or Intune Service Admin Role)

Finally we are done

Exit and give server a final reboot

Now when you visit

http://myndesserver.fqdn/certsrv/mscep/mscep.dll (enter your internal fqdn name of your ndes server)

You should get 403 (this is now working correctly and the app pool has been secured)

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Proxy Setup

Now that the server is setup we can now setup a proxy server so that its safely accessible from the Internet and your Intune workstations can get a cert wherever they are located

I’ve chosen this to be setup on a separate server I’ve called this server NDESProxy and its a domain joined Windows2022 Server as well

It can be setup on the NDES server if you wish but I’ve kept it separate

From Azure Portal or Entra Portal

Choose Application Proxy

Run the Setup

Sign in with a Global Admin Account

Setup completes and we can now see its in a Default Group

So lets setup a group for this I’ve named this NDES Servers and added the NDESPROXY

One thing you may notice is currently there is no app assigned to this

So now go to configure an app

Name: you can choose a relevant name for the app

Internal URL: is your Internal FQDN of you NDES server

External URL: what do you want to get to it by, it will add an msappproxy.net address ie https://ndesproxy-mydomain.msappproxy.net,

There are other options of domain suffix and you can even use your own domain name but then youd have to put certs on the app proxy server with the dns entries in

Now we can see an App is assigned

We are now done for all the infrastructure one test you can do now is go to your app proxy address from a web browser and this should be what you get from http://myndesserver.fqdn/certsrv/mscep/mscep.dll (enter your internal fqdn name of your ndes server)

Intune Certificate setup

Now last thing is to setup your Intune certs

First from one of your servers export the Root Certificate and Intermediate / Subordinate Certificates (If you use Subordinate certs as well

Now go to Intune Console > > Device Configuration > New > Trusted Certificates

Add Your Root Cer file you just downloaded

And now assign it to a group (I prefer using device groups for these)

Now do another but this time for your SUB / Intermediate Certs

Now Create a Profile for your actual certs that will come from your PKI / NDES

New Profile > SCEP Certificate

I’ve chosen these settings: Things of note

URI: IntuneDeviceID://{{DeviceId}}

Validity Period: Be very careful not to set this above what you have set in your NDES Certificate as it will fail to deploy if you do

Root Certificate: Choose your Root Cert you do not need to enter Subordinate Intermediate in here

Extended Key Usage: Ive Chose this as a Client Auth Cert

SCEP Server URLS: This is where you can now Add Your SCEP APP Proxy Address

Deploy to your Users or Devices (Again I prefer Devices for this)

RESULT

We Have a cert on our workstation that’s come from our internal PKI through NDES, and Proxy

Extra Optional Settings

Certificate Revocation

If you want Intune to be able to revoke certificates you need to give the service account access to do this on your Internal PKI Certificate Server

Right Click your Cert Authority > Properties > Security and Add your NDES Service Account Issue and Manage Certs Right

Extra Security

It’s best security practice to add this issuance requirement into your NDES Certificate Template

Optionally you can set these in Group policy or locally Secpol.msc

Enable Account is Sensitive and cannot be delegated

Only allow logon to your Intune Connector Servers

Disable Remote Control

Deny Dial in Access

Useful Tools and references

Validate-NdesConfiguration is a very useful tool that goes through a complete check of all the components that should be present for NDES to work

You can download it here https://github.com/microsoftgraph/powershell-intune-samples/blob/master/CertificationAuthority/Validate-NDESConfiguration.ps1

Main NDES Config Page at Microsoft

Configure infrastructure to support SCEP certificate profiles with Microsoft Intune | Microsoft Learn

Renewal when certs are expiring

This guide is invaluable when your NDES Server certs are coming up for renewal

How to renew NDES service certificates for usage with Microsoft Intune – MSEndpointMgr

One thing to note is that you do need to give the NDES server rights to Enroll to the CEP certs on renewal, you can always add enroll rights and remove again